Rhinocryptidae

Rhinocryptidae is a family of passerine birds commonly known as tapaculos. These are small to medium-sized birds found in South and Central America. They are characterized by their short, rounded wings, relatively long legs, and a tendency to run rather than fly long distances. Many species exhibit a short, upturned tail which they often flick.

The family comprises about 50 species distributed across numerous genera. Their plumage is typically drab, with shades of brown, gray, and black, often with some barring or streaking. Sexual dimorphism is generally minimal. Tapaculos inhabit a wide range of environments, from dense undergrowth in forests to grasslands and even the high Andes. Their diet consists mainly of insects, spiders, and other invertebrates, supplemented with seeds and berries.

Their breeding biology is not well-studied for all species, but most build cup-shaped nests on or near the ground, often concealed within vegetation or under roots. Both parents typically participate in incubation and chick-rearing. Tapaculos are generally secretive birds, and their presence is often detected by their distinctive, often complex, vocalizations rather than visual sightings. They are a diverse group, with adaptations reflecting their varied habitats and foraging strategies.