Reversekonduko

Reversekonduko is a term that describes the phenomenon in which a material or electronic component exhibits electrical conduction in opposition to its conventional direction under specific external stimuli. The definition distinguishes it from ordinary forward conduction, where charge carriers flow from a higher potential to a lower potential in the designed polarity of the device. In reversekonduko, the movement of carriers is reversed so that the output voltage is in phase opposition with the input, producing a negative differential conductance.

This behavior is most commonly observed in semiconductor devices that have been engineered to show negative resistance, such as tunnel diodes and Gunn diodes, or in carefully doped junctions that permit reverse bias current flow. The underlying mechanism involves quantum tunneling or intervalley transfer, where energy band structures allow carriers to occupy states that facilitate the reverse flow once the applied voltage exceeds a threshold. In some engineered composites, reversekonduko arises from engineered microstructures that guide phonon or spin currents against the external field.

Applications of reversekonduko have been explored in signal amplification, oscillators, and high-frequency power devices. The inverted current–voltage characteristic enables the creation of low-noise amplifiers with minimal external bias, and it can be employed to stabilize high-power microwave components by providing built‑in negative feedback. Because the reverse conduction may limit the maximum current, device design must incorporate protection mechanisms against runaway breakdown.

Reversekonduko was first reported in the 1960s in the context of Gunn diodes, though reports of similar effects appear in the literature for nano‑structured graphene and InAs heterostructures. More recent research has focused on leveraging the effect in flexible electronics, where the ability to reverse conduct under strain could lead to novel self‑powered sensor systems.

Related concepts include negative differential resistance, reverse bias leakage, and quantum tunneling. Further study of reversekonduko may enable new forms of active materials for energy conversion and signal processing.