Reizüberflutung

Reizüberflutung, often translated as sensory overload, describes a state in which the nervous system is overwhelmed by sensory input that exceeds the individual’s processing capacity. The term is used across psychology, occupational therapy, education, and public discourse to describe difficulties in processing simultaneous stimuli from multiple modalities.

Causes and triggers: a combination of loud noises, bright or flickering lights, crowded or busy environments, strong smells, and rapid changes in sensory input. Digital environments with constant notifications can contribute, as can high cognitive load and multitasking.

Affected populations: while not exclusive to any one group, sensory overload is commonly discussed in relation to autism spectrum conditions, ADHD, anxiety disorders, sensory processing disorders, and chronic pain. It can affect anyone in particularly stimulating settings.

Symptoms: subjective distress or irritability, anxiety, panic-like feelings, dizziness, headaches, nausea, poor concentration, fatigue, and withdrawal or avoidance behavior. Physiological signs may include elevated heart rate and sweating.

Impact and management: overload can impair functioning at work, school, or in daily life and may lead to avoidance of public or social activities. Coping strategies include reducing external stimuli (dimming lights, reducing noise, limiting simultaneous tasks), using protective tools (noise-cancelling headphones, sunglasses), scheduling regular breaks, and employing sensory-friendly routines. In occupational or educational settings, environmental design—quiet rooms, predictable schedules, and clear transitions—helps.

Note on approach: sensory overload is a subjective experience rather than a medical diagnosis. It is a descriptive term used for situations involving atypical sensory processing and is often considered in the context of autism, mood and anxiety disorders, or sensory processing differences.