Reflektorer

Reflektorer, or reflectors, are devices or materials designed to reflect light toward the original light source, thereby increasing visibility in low-light conditions. They are used to make objects, clothing, and infrastructure easier to see for drivers, pedestrians, and other road users. The fundamental principle is retroreflection, where light is directed back toward the source rather than scattered in many directions.

Types and mechanisms

Retroreflectors are the most common form in safety applications. They often use cube-corner prisms or microprismatic structures embedded in a binder, which return light toward the incident source over a wide range of angles. Reflective tapes and sheets apply similar retroreflective principles on clothing, backpacks, signs, and vehicles. Diffuse reflectors, by contrast, reflect light in many directions and are used for general illumination or aesthetic purposes rather than safety. Specular reflectors, such as polished metals or mirrors, reflect light in a single direction and are used in optical devices rather than for visibility enhancement.

Applications

Main uses include road signs, delineators, and pavement markings, as well as high-visibility clothing, helmets, and outdoor gear. Bicycle accessories, license plates in some jurisdictions, and safety equipment also rely on reflective materials to improve nighttime conspicuity. Reflectors are employed in industrial settings for signage and hazard marking, and in consumer products to increase visibility in low-light environments.

Materials and standards

Reflective materials typically consist of glass beads or microprismatic sheets embedded in an adhesive or binder. The performance is measured by retroreflectivity, often assessed with specialized instruments under standardized conditions. International and regional standards govern color, brightness, durability, and wash durability for safety-oriented reflectors and garments.

Maintenance and considerations

Performance can decline with wear, dirt, or damage, making cleaning or replacement important for safety-critical uses. UV exposure, moisture, and abrasion are common durability concerns, and manufacturers provide guidance on maintenance and lifecycle.