backpacks

A backpack, or rucksack, is a fabric bag carried on the back with two shoulder straps. It is used to carry gear, clothing, or supplies and allows hands to stay free. Backpacks are designed to distribute weight across the shoulders and hips for stability during travel, work, and outdoor activities.

A typical pack has a main compartment, several pockets, and sometimes a frame (internal or external). Comfort features include a padded back panel, padded shoulder straps, a sternum strap, and a hip belt. Materials vary, with nylon, polyester, and canvas common; many packs have water resistance or coatings. Capacity is measured in liters.

Common types include daypacks (usually under 30 L), travel or overnight packs (30–60 L), and larger hiking or mountaineering packs (60–100+ L). Specialized variants exist for commuting, school, or tactical use. Some packs support hydration reservoirs and modular attachments for gear organization.

History and terminology: the word rucksack comes from German. The modern backpack arose in the 20th century with synthetic fabrics and ergonomic designs, and became standard equipment for hikers, military forces, and travelers.

Fit and use: adjust torso length, shoulder straps, sternum strap, and hip belt to distribute weight evenly. A pack should not exceed a comfortable portion of body weight; typical guidance ranges around 20–25%. Care involves cleaning, drying, and reproofing to maintain water resistance.