Realtidsbearbetning

Realtidsbearbetning, also known as real-time processing, refers to the ability of a computer system to process data as it arrives, without significant delay. This means that the system must respond to inputs and produce outputs within a guaranteed time frame, often measured in milliseconds or microseconds. The defining characteristic of real-time processing is its timeliness requirement. Unlike batch processing where data is collected and processed later, real-time processing handles data immediately as it is generated or received.

Systems requiring real-time processing are common in various critical applications. Examples include industrial control systems, where sensors monitor physical processes and actuators must respond instantly to maintain desired conditions. In aviation, flight control systems rely on real-time processing to react to pilot inputs and environmental changes. Medical devices, such as pacemakers or patient monitoring equipment, also necessitate real-time processing to ensure continuous and timely delivery of care. Financial trading platforms use real-time processing to execute buy and sell orders based on rapidly fluctuating market data.

The design of real-time systems often involves specialized hardware and software. Operating systems designed for real-time applications, known as real-time operating systems (RTOS), are optimized for predictable task scheduling and minimal interrupt latency. These systems ensure that critical tasks are executed within their deadlines, even under heavy system load. The complexity of real-time processing lies in guaranteeing these timely responses, which requires careful consideration of algorithms, data structures, and system architecture to avoid any unacceptable delays.