Päihtyminen

Päihtyminen (Finnish for intoxication or inebriation) refers to a temporary state of altered consciousness, cognition, perception and behavior caused by the acute effects of psychoactive substances. It commonly results from alcohol, recreational drugs (e.g., stimulants, opioids, cannabinoids), prescription medications (e.g., sedatives, opioids, some antidepressants) or inhalants.

Physiological effects depend on the substance and dose but often include impaired motor coordination, slowed reaction time, slurred speech, nausea, changes in heart rate or blood pressure, respiratory depression in severe cases, and in extreme situations coma or death. Cognitive and behavioral effects can include impaired judgment, reduced inhibitions, mood swings, confusion, memory blackouts and increased risk-taking.

Health and social risks associated with päihtyminen include accidental injury, poisoning or overdose, violence, interpersonal harms, legal consequences such as driving under the influence, and longer-term substance use disorders when episodes are repeated. Definitions and legal thresholds for intoxication vary by jurisdiction and substance.

Management of acute päihtyminen is typically supportive and provided by medical professionals; specific antidotes exist for certain intoxications (e.g., naloxone for opioid overdose) and emergency care aims to preserve airway, breathing and circulation. Prevention and harm reduction strategies include limiting use, following medical guidance for prescriptions, public health measures, brief interventions and access to addiction treatment services.