Puukirkot

Puukirkot, literally wooden churches, are churches built predominantly from timber. They form a distinctive and widespread form of ecclesiastical architecture in Finland and other Baltic regions, dating from the medieval period to the 19th century. In Finland they arose in rural parishes where timber was readily available and the Lutheran church administered parish life following the Reformation. The majority of surviving puukirkot belong to the post-medieval era, though earlier wooden chapels existed.

Most puukirkot are constructed with log frames or timber framing clad with wooden boards. Roofs are typically steep and covered with shingles or tiles. The interiors emphasize exposed timber, with pulpits, altars, and carved furnishings reflecting regional carpentry traditions. Exteriors were commonly painted in red with white trim, a color scheme that became widespread as a protective and decorative treatment in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Over time, puukirkot have become important markers of rural cultural heritage. Fire risk has shaped preservation efforts, and many churches have undergone restorations to stabilize original details while accommodating liturgical needs. While some have remained modest in scale, others feature additions such as galleries or baroque altars, reflecting changing tastes and local craftsmanship.

Today, puukirkot serve as active places of worship in many communities and as monuments that illustrate Finland’s timber-building tradition. They are studied in architectural history for their techniques, materials, and regional character.