Exteriors

Exteriors refer to the outer parts of buildings and other structures that are visible from outside, including façades, roofs, foundations, and surrounding landscapes. They define a structure’s curb appeal, protect interior spaces from weather, and interact with the site and climate. Exteriors encompass both architectural design and the practical systems that keep a building weather-tight.

Materials and systems used on exteriors vary by climate, budget, and purpose. Common options include brick, stone, stucco, wood, metal siding, vinyl, and composite panels. Cladding combines with weather barriers, flashing, and insulation to resist moisture, air leakage, and temperature change. Windows and doors are integral elements, contributing light, ventilation, insulation, and security, while roofs provide drainage and protection from the elements. Finishes, textures, and color palettes influence the visual character of a building.

Design considerations focus on form, proportion, rhythm, and context. The exterior should respond to site conditions, orientation, and local traditions while balancing aesthetics with performance. Energy performance and durability are increasingly prioritized, with features such as shading devices, reflective coatings, and durable materials that require minimal maintenance.

Maintenance and upkeep are essential for longevity. Regular tasks include cleaning, repainting or re-sealing, repairing damaged cladding, and ensuring proper drainage and moisture control. Protective coatings and periodic inspections help prevent deterioration.

External spaces, including porches, terraces, driveways, and landscaping, affect usability, drainage, and microclimate around a building. Safety and accessibility considerations, such as non-slip surfaces and well-lit entrances, contribute to the functionality of exteriors in addition to their appearance.