shingles

Shingles may refer to two distinct concepts: a viral skin disease and roofing material. Shingles as the disease, also called herpes zoster, results from reactivation of varicella-zoster virus that remains latent in dorsal root or cranial nerve ganglia after a chickenpox infection. The illness usually begins with pain, burning, or tingling in a localized area, followed by a vesicular rash that develops in a band on one side of the body or face. The rash crusts within a week or two and typically resolves in 2-4 weeks, though pain may persist. Complications include postherpetic neuralgia, bacterial skin infection, vision problems with ophthalmic involvement, and, rarely, neurological complications. Older adults and immunocompromised individuals are at higher risk.

Diagnosis is usually clinical; laboratory testing (PCR or direct fluorescent antibody) can confirm in uncertain cases. Antiviral therapy such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir started within 72 hours of rash onset can lessen severity and duration. Analgesia and, in some cases, neuropathic pain medications are used for pain control. A recombinant zoster vaccine (Shingrix) is recommended for adults 50 and older to reduce risk and severity.

Shingles as roofing refers to overlapping building elements used to cover roofs. They are commonly made of asphalt, but wood, slate, or metal variants exist. They are installed in interlocking courses to shed water and provide weather protection. Lifespan varies by material, with asphalt shingles typically lasting 15-30 years. Maintenance involves inspecting for curling, cracking, or missing granules and replacing damaged pieces.