roofing

Roofing is the process and materials used to cover roofs, providing weather protection, insulation, and drainage, and forming part of the building envelope. A roof assembly typically includes a structural deck, underlayment, the weatherproof covering, and protective elements such as flashing, venting, and drainage components. Proper installation and maintenance help prevent water intrusion, mold, and structural damage.

Common roofing materials vary by climate, cost, and aesthetics. Asphalt shingles are the most widely used in many regions; metal panels offer durability and fire resistance; clay or concrete tiles provide long life and distinctive appearance; natural slate and wood shingles offer traditional styles; flat roofs often use membranes such as EPDM, TPO, or PVC. Each material has typical lifespans and maintenance needs.

Roof types include pitched roofs, such as gable and hip designs, and flat or low-slope roofs. Roof geometry affects shedding of water, snow load, and drainage. Key terms include eaves, ridges, flashing, vents, fascia, soffit, and gutters. Roofing assemblies rely on flashing to seal joints and penetrations, and on drainage systems to remove water.

Installation generally involves deck preparation, installation of underlayment or vapor barrier, laying the covering, securing with fasteners, applying flashing at edges and penetrations, and installing ventilation. Maintenance tasks include periodic inspections, clearing gutters, removing debris, and repairing damaged areas to prevent leaks.

Safety and standards require adherence to local building codes and permits. Proper ventilation and insulation contribute to energy efficiency. Material choices reflect climate, aesthetics, and budget; maintenance extends life and reduces total cost.