Putztechnik

Putztechnik refers to the craft, methods and systems used for applying plaster to walls and ceilings, both indoors and outdoors. It covers substrate preparation, the application of plaster layers (Unterputz and Oberputz), curing processes, and the creation of protective and decorative finishes. Putztechnik serves to protect building structures, regulate surface absorbency, improve moisture management, and influence the appearance of interiors and façades.

The main plaster materials include lime plaster (Kalkputz), cement plaster (Zementputz), and lime–cement blends (Kalkzementputz), as well as gypsum plaster (Gipsputz) for interior use. Modern mixes may be polymer-modified or reinforced with fibers to improve adhesion and crack resistance. Lightweight and machine-applied plasters are common in both renovation and new construction, and plasters used on external walls often form part of weatherproof or energy-efficient systems such as ETICS (external thermal insulation composite systems).

Application methods vary from traditional hand plastering with trowels to machine spraying, spray guns, or automated plastering processes. Proper substrate preparation, surface roughening, and appropriate bonding are essential to ensure stability and durability. Putztechnik also encompasses moisture management considerations, such as breathability of lime-based systems versus cementitious systems, to prevent mold and dampness.

Finishes range from smooth surfaces to decorative textures. Textured plasters include Kratzputz (scratch plaster) and Strukturputz (textured plaster) as well as Streichputz and other decorative coatings. In some regions, traditional or historic plasters are preserved or replicated for restoration projects.

Overall, Putztechnik combines technical performance with aesthetic options, supporting durability, comfort, and energy efficiency in built environments.