Purnia

Purnia is a city and municipal corporation in the Indian state of Bihar. It serves as the administrative headquarters of Purnia district and is located in the northeastern part of the state along the banks of the river Kosi. The city lies at an altitude of about 41 metres above sea level and covers an area of roughly 19 square kilometers.

The population of Purnia, according to the 2011 census, was just over 200,000 people. The demographic composition includes a mix of Hindu, Muslim, and other religious communities. Hindi and Urdu are the most widely spoken languages, with English also used in education and business.

Historically, Purnia was part of the ancient Magadha kingdom and later came under Mughal rule. It developed into a trading hub during the British period, largely due to its strategic position on the Kosi river and proximity to the Akhaibar railway network. In the post-independence era, the city expanded its industrial base with agro-based processing, textiles, and small-scale manufacturing.

Economically, agriculture dominates the surrounding region, with major crops such as paddy, wheat, and sugarcane. The city is a commercial centre for the district, providing markets for agricultural produce and serving as a junction for road traffic between the states of West Bengal, Assam, and Sikkim. Purnia Junction railway station connects the city to major Indian cities such as Patna, Kolkata, and Delhi.

Culturally, Purnia hosts a number of heritage temples and mosques, reflecting its diverse religious heritage. The annual Purnia Jhumur festival, featuring traditional music and dance, attracts visitors from neighbouring districts. The city is also home to educational institutions, including the Purnia Government College and several private schools that offer instruction in multiple languages.

Purnia has developed gradually as an important urban and commercial node in Bihar, balancing its agricultural roots with emerging industrial and service-sector opportunities.