Pteroisinae

Pteroisinae is a subfamily of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes. This subfamily is commonly known as the lionfish. The most recognizable members of Pteroisinae are characterized by their venomous fin spines, striking coloration, and prominent, fan-like pectoral fins. They are native to the Indo-Pacific region but have become invasive in the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea.

Lionfish are carnivorous predators, feeding on a wide variety of small fish and invertebrates. Their hunting strategy involves using their large pectoral fins to corner prey before engulfing it. The venom delivered through their dorsal, anal, and pelvic spines is primarily for defense against predators, though it can cause significant pain to humans upon accidental contact.

The taxonomy of Pteroisinae has been subject to revision, with current classifications generally including the genera Dendrochirus and Pterois. Species within these genera exhibit variations in size, fin morphology, and color patterns. For instance, Pterois volitans and Pterois miles are two of the most widely distributed and studied species.

Due to their invasive status in certain regions, lionfish have become a focus of ecological research and management efforts. Their voracious appetite and lack of natural predators in invaded areas have led to significant impacts on native fish populations and coral reef ecosystems. Control measures often involve culling programs and efforts to promote lionfish consumption as food.