Pteroclidae

Pteroclidae is a family of birds commonly known as sandgrouse. These birds are native to Africa, Eurasia, and the Middle East. They are characterized by their plump bodies, short legs, and distinctive long, pointed wings, which give them an appearance somewhat resembling pigeons or doves. Sandgrouse are ground-dwelling birds and are typically found in arid or semi-arid habitats such as deserts, steppes, and dry grasslands.

A notable adaptation of sandgrouse is their ability to carry water to their young. Specialized feathers on the male's breast can absorb and hold significant amounts of water, which are then transported back to the nest, often over long distances. This behavior is crucial for the survival of chicks in dry environments.

Sandgrouse are primarily granivorous, feeding on seeds, grains, and sometimes insects. They often form flocks, especially outside the breeding season, and can be seen gathering at water sources at dawn and dusk. Their flight is swift and direct, with a characteristic undulating pattern.

The family Pteroclidae contains two genera: Pterocles and Syrrhaptes. Species within these genera exhibit variations in plumage and habitat preference, but all share the fundamental adaptations for life in xeric environments. They are monogamous and typically lay two to three eggs in a shallow scrape on the ground. Both parents participate in incubation and chick-rearing.