Pseudocerastes

Pseudocerastes is a genus of venomous vipers in the subfamily Viperinae, the true vipers. The genus is native to the Middle East and adjacent areas. The name "Pseudocerastes" means "false-horned" and refers to the presence of a horn-like scale above each eye, a feature shared with the genus Cerastes, but which are present in only one of the two species currently recognized within Pseudocerastes.

There are two recognized species of Pseudocerastes. Pseudocerastes fieldi, commonly known as the Persian horned viper or Field's horned viper, is found in Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. Pseudocerastes urarachnoides, the spider-tailed horned viper, is found in Iran and Iraq. This latter species is notable for its highly modified tail, which has a bulbous tip covered in numerous small, spiny scales that resemble a spider, used to lure prey.

These snakes are terrestrial and inhabit arid or semi-arid regions, often found in rocky areas, deserts, and scrublands. They are typically nocturnal, hunting small mammals, lizards, and birds. Like other vipers, they possess a hemotoxic venom, which can cause significant tissue damage and coagulation disorders. While their venom is potent, bites are relatively rare due to their secluded habitats and generally non-aggressive nature unless provoked. Defensive behavior usually involves hissing and tail rattling. Their coloration provides excellent camouflage, blending them into their rocky surroundings.