Propanoli

Propanol refers to two isomeric alcohols with three carbon atoms: propan-1-ol (n-propanol) and propan-2-ol (isopropanol). Both belong to the class of aliphatic alcohols and share the molecular formula C3H8O, but differ in the position of the hydroxyl group, giving primary (propan-1-ol) and secondary (propan-2-ol) alcohols. They are colorless liquids with characteristic alcohol odors and are flammable.

Physical properties and handling: Propan-1-ol boils at about 97°C, while propan-2-ol boils at about 82°C. Both are miscible with water to a significant extent and dissolve many organic compounds, making them common solvents in laboratory and industrial contexts. They can act as solvents for coatings, inks, cleaners, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical intermediates. Due to their flammability and potential for irritation, proper storage in well-ventilated areas away from heat sources is advised, and standard safety procedures for handling flammable liquids should be followed.

Chemical reactivity: The primary alcohol (propan-1-ol) can be oxidized to propanal and, with further oxidation, to propionic acid. The secondary alcohol (propan-2-ol) is oxidized to acetone under stronger oxidizing conditions. Both alcohols can participate in typical alcohol reactions (esterification, substitution) and serve as starting materials in organic synthesis.

Production and sources: Industrially, propanols are produced by hydroformylation of propene to propionaldehyde followed by hydrogenation to propanols. They can also be generated or purified from petrochemical streams or via catalytic reductions of corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Applications and uses: Beyond use as solvents, propanols serve as intermediates in the manufacture of esters and other chemicals, and propan-2-ol is widely used as a disinfectant and cleaning agent in various consumer and medical products. Environmental and regulatory considerations apply to their production, storage, and disposal.