propan2ol

Propan-2-ol, also known as isopropanol or isopropyl alcohol, is a simple secondary alcohol with the formula C3H8O and the structure CH3-CHOH-CH3. It is a colorless, volatile liquid with a characteristic odor. The IUPAC name is propan-2-ol, and it is commonly referred to as isopropanol. It is miscible with water and with many organic solvents.

Properties include a boiling point of about 82.6°C and a flash point around 12°C. It is relatively dense for a volatile liquid, with a density near 0.785 g/mL at 20°C. It is highly polar due to the hydroxyl group, which enables extensive solubility in water and in many organic solvents. It is flammable and forms vapors that can ignite in air.

Production and chemistry: Propan-2-ol is produced primarily by the catalytic hydration of propene, using acidic catalysts such as sulfuric or phosphoric acid, to yield isopropanol. It is a widely used solvent in laboratories, pharmaceuticals, inks, coatings, and cleaning products. It also serves as an important industrial intermediate, for example in the production of acetone and various esters, and as a component in many hand sanitizers and surface cleaners.

Uses: As a solvent, isopropanol is valued for its ability to dissolve both water- and oil-soluble substances. It is a common antiseptic and disinfectant, especially in healthcare settings, often used in 60–70% solutions with water for effective microbial inactivation. It is also employed in electronics cleaning and in the preparation of various chemical formulations.

Safety and environmental notes: Isopropanol is flammable and its vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. Prolonged skin contact can cause irritation; ingestion or inhalation can be harmful. It is readily biodegradable and, in large quantities, can pose risks to aquatic life.