sulfuric

Sulfuric is an adjective used in chemistry to describe compounds related to sulfur in the hexavalent state, including sulfuric acid and its sulfates. The term is often encountered in reference to materials derived from sulfuric acid or containing sulfate groups.

The most prominent example is sulfuric acid (H2SO4), a strong, highly corrosive mineral acid. It is colorless and viscous, and it mixes readily with water while releasing heat. Sulfuric acid is produced commercially through the contact process, which converts sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide and then hydrates it to form the acid. It is a key industrial reagent used in fertilizer production, mineral processing, petroleum refining, chemical synthesis, and the manufacture of detergents and batteries. Concentrated sulfuric acid is also a powerful dehydrating agent in organic synthesis.

Sulfates are salts and esters derived from sulfuric acid and represent the broader class associated with the term sulfuric. Common sulfates include calcium sulfate (gypsum), sodium sulfate, and ammonium sulfate. These compounds have wide applications in construction (gypsum drywall and plasters), fertilizers, paper production, and various industrial processes. Sulfate minerals occur naturally, and sulfate aerosols can form in the atmosphere, contributing to environmental and health considerations.

Safety and handling are important with sulfuric-related substances. Sulfuric acid is highly caustic and can cause severe burns; proper containment, ventilation, and protective equipment are essential in its use.