npropanol

N-propanol, also known as n-propyl alcohol or propan-1-ol, is an aliphatic primary alcohol with the molecular formula C3H8O. It is a colorless, flammable liquid used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.

Physically, 1-propanol is a volatile, somewhat sweet-smelling liquid. It is miscible with water and with many organic solvents, making it versatile for use in coatings, inks, cleaners, and pharmaceutical formulations. Its boiling point is about 97 °C, and its density is around 0.803 g/cm3 at 20 °C. It is typically handled under standard flammable-liquid safety guidelines, with a relatively low flash point.

Industrial production of n-propanol mainly proceeds via the hydroformylation of propylene to propionaldehyde, followed by hydrogenation to produce propanol. It can also be produced by other petrochemical routes or by reduction of propionyl compounds. Major uses include serving as a solvent in paints, varnishes, coatings, and cleaning products; as an intermediate in the synthesis of propionic acid derivatives; and as a feedstock for producing other propyl compounds and propylene oxide derivatives.

Safety and handling considerations are important due to its flammability and potential health effects. 1-Propanol can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract and may act as a central nervous system depressant at sufficient exposures. It should be stored in tightly closed containers away from heat and ignition sources, with appropriate ventilation and personal protective equipment when handling large quantities. Environmental precautions emphasize containment and preventing release to water bodies, as with many volatile organic solvents.