propionaldehyde

Propionaldehyde, also known as propanal, is an organic compound with the formula C3H6O. It is the aldehyde derived from propyl groups, consisting of a three-carbon chain ending in a formyl group (CH3CH2CHO). It is typically described as a colorless liquid with a strong, pungent odor and is somewhat soluble in water while remaining miscible with many organic solvents.

Industrial production of propionaldehyde is commonly achieved by the oxo (hydroformylation) process, in which propene (propylene) reacts with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to give n-propionaldehyde. The product is often used as a precursor to other chemicals, including propanol and propionic acid, after further processing.

Key chemical properties of propionaldehyde include its reactivity as an aldehyde. It readily undergoes oxidation to propionic acid and can be reduced to 1-propanol. It forms acetals with alcohols under acidic conditions and participates in various carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions, such as aldol condensations, under appropriate catalysts and conditions.

Applications and uses of propionaldehyde center on its role as an industrial chemical intermediate. It serves in the synthesis of propanol, propionic acid, and a range of esters and higher-value chemicals. It can also be employed in fragrance formulations and as a reagent in organic synthesis.

Safety and handling considerations include its flammability and potential irritant effects on skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract. Vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. Handling requires good ventilation, appropriate protective equipment, and storage away from heat sources and oxidizers.