propanal

Propanal, also called propionaldehyde, is an organic compound with the formula C3H6O and structure CH3CH2CHO. It is the aldehyde corresponding to propionic acid. It is a colorless, low-boiling liquid with a characteristic pungent odor. Propanal is miscible with many organic solvents and has limited solubility in water.

Industrial production of propanal occurs mainly by hydroformylation (the oxo process) of ethene with carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which furnishes propionaldehyde that can be isolated by distillation. It can also be prepared by oxidation of 1-propanol. These routes reflect its role as a common industrial chemical and a building block in organic synthesis.

Chemical properties of propanal derive from its aldehyde functional group. It readily undergoes oxidation to propionic acid and reduction to 1-propanol. As with other aldehydes, it participates in nucleophilic addition reactions, and it forms secondary alcohols when treated with Grignard reagents or other carbon nucleophiles after aqueous workup.

Applications of propanal include its use as an intermediate in the synthesis of fragrance compounds, plasticizers, resins, and various fine chemicals. It serves as a precursor to propionic acid derivatives and other propyl-substituted compounds in industrial synthesis.

Safety considerations include its flammability and potential to cause irritation of skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. It should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area away from oxidizers, in tightly closed containers, and handled with appropriate protective equipment in a fume hood.