propanols

Propanols are a group of alcohols that contain three carbon atoms in the main chain. The two principal isomers are 1-propanol (n-propanol) and 2-propanol (isopropanol). Their molecular formulas are both C3H8O, with 1-propanol having the structure CH3CH2CH2OH and 2-propanol having (CH3)2CHOH. They are colorless liquids at room temperature and are flammable. They are miscible with water and with many organic solvents, and they share the characteristic odor of lightweight alcohols. Among the two, 2-propanol has the lower boiling point, around 82–83 C, whereas 1-propanol boils near 97 C.

In terms of reactivity, propanols behave as primary (1-propanol) and secondary (2-propanol) alcohols. Primary propanols can be oxidized first to propanal and then to propionic acid, while secondary propanols are oxidized to acetone. Both isomers can undergo dehydration to yield propene in the presence of acid catalysts, and they can form esters with carboxylic acids. They also serve as versatile solvents in industrial and laboratory settings.

Production and applications vary by isomer. 2-Propanol is commonly produced by the hydration of propene or by reduction of acetone, and is widely used as a solvent, a disinfectant, and a cleaning agent. 1-Propanol is produced from propene-derived intermediates or by similar hydrocarbon-processing routes and serves as a solvent and chemical intermediate in the manufacture of plastics, resins, and other organics. Both propanols are used in coatings, inks, cosmetics, and as intermediate reagents in chemical syntheses. Safety considerations include their flammability and potential health effects from inhalation or ingestion; they should be stored away from heat sources and oxidizers.