Pratylenchus

Pratylenchus is a genus of plant-parasitic nematodes in the family Pratylenchidae, within the order Tylenchida. These nematodes are obligate migratory endoparasites of plant roots, commonly known as root-lesion nematodes. Adults and juveniles inhabit the root cortex, where they feed on parenchyma cells and cause necrotic lesions that can extend along the root system. Unlike sedentary nematodes, Pratylenchus species move within root tissues and can migrate among roots and through soil.

Host range is broad, with many crops affected. Pratylenchus species have been reported on cereals, legumes, fruits, vegetables, coffee, citrus, and ornamentals. The symptoms in infected plants include stunted growth, poor vigor, yellowing, and reduced yield. Roots show brown to black necrotic lesions, which can facilitate secondary infections by fungi and other pathogens.

Life cycle and ecology: eggs hatch to juvenile stages, with juveniles (especially J2) being the infective form. After entering roots, they migrate and feed, producing more eggs that develop into subsequent generations within the root and surrounding soil. They can overwinter in soil or crop debris and persist under a range of environmental conditions.

Management relies on an integrated approach, including crop rotation with non-hosts, resistant cultivars where available, soil solarization, organic matter management, and biological controls. Chemical nematicides are used selectively and under regulatory guidance. Accurate diagnosis often requires soil and root assays and, increasingly, molecular methods to identify species within the genus. Notable species include Pratylenchus penetrans, P. coffeae, P. neglectus, and P. vulnus.