Pneumoniaa

Pneumoniaa is not a recognized medical term; it is commonly understood as a misspelling of pneumonia. Pneumonia, the condition intended, is an inflammatory disease of the lungs most often caused by infection, leading to inflammation and fluid-filled air spaces that can impair gas exchange.

Pneumonia can be classified by where it was acquired and by probable causative organisms. Community-acquired pneumonia occurs outside of healthcare settings, while hospital-acquired (nosocomial) pneumonia develops in a hospital or other facility. Aspiration pneumonia results from inhaling oropharyngeal contents, often in people with swallowing difficulties. Common pathogens include bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and atypical bacteria; viruses such as influenza and respiratory syncytial virus; and, less frequently, fungi in certain patients.

Symptoms typically include cough, fever or chills, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue. Sputum production may be present, and some patients, especially older adults, may experience confusion, dehydration, or a sudden decline in functional status rather than typical fever.

Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation supported by imaging and laboratory tests. A chest radiograph is commonly used to confirm pneumonia and assess its extent. Blood tests, sputum analysis, and, in some cases, tests for viral pathogens or urinary antigens may guide management. Severity assessment tools help determine whether outpatient treatment is appropriate or if hospitalization is needed.

Treatment depends on the likely organisms and disease severity. Bacterial pneumonia is treated with antibiotics chosen based on local resistance patterns and patient factors. Severe cases may require hospital admission, intravenous therapy, and supportive care. Vaccination and preventive measures reduce risk, including pneumococcal and influenza vaccines, good hand hygiene, and smoking cessation. Most patients recover with timely treatment, though complications can occur, particularly in older adults or those with comorbidities.