Plasterwork

Plasterwork is the craft of forming plaster-based surfaces for walls and ceilings and, in many cases, the creation of decorative elements such as moldings, cornices, friezes, and ceiling ornaments. It encompasses both functional plaster applied to substrates and ornamental plaster used to achieve visual detail in interiors and on façades. The main materials are lime plaster, gypsum plaster, and cement plaster. Lime plaster is traditional, breathable, and compatible with historic buildings; gypsum plaster gives rapid setting for interior work; cement plaster provides greater hardness and moisture resistance.

Historically, plasterwork dates to ancient times. Lime plaster and stucco were used in classical architecture; Roman and medieval builders expanded decorative plaster with reliefs and molded ornaments. In the Baroque and later periods, elaborate plaster ceilings, cornices, and medallions became characteristic of interiors in Europe and North America. The term stucco is often used for exterior decorative plaster finishes or for molded interior work.

Techniques range from traditional lath-and-plaster systems to modern plastering with metal lath or gypsum board substrates. Plaster is typically applied in coats: a scratch coat, a brown coat, and a finish coat, with reinforcement such as hair historically used in lime plasters. Decorative plasterwork is produced with molds, carved reliefs, or cast elements and installed as integrated surfaces or as separate pieces.

Conservation and modern practice emphasize compatible materials, especially lime-based mortars for restoration, while contemporary interiors often employ gypsum plaster or drywall finishes. Plasterwork endures for its durability, workability, and capacity for high-detail ornament.