Pityocampa

Pityocampa is a genus of moths belonging to the family Notodontidae. These moths are commonly known as pine processionary moths due to their larval stage's characteristic gregarious behavior, where they form processions to find food and suitable sites for pupation. The genus is primarily found in the Palearctic region, with several species distributed across Europe, North Africa, and Asia.

The most well-known species within this genus is Thaumetopoea pityocampa, the pine processionary moth. This species is particularly significant due to its impact on pine forests. The larvae feed on the needles of various pine species, and in outbreak years, they can cause considerable defoliation, weakening trees and making them susceptible to other pests and diseases. In addition to ecological and economic impacts, the urticating hairs of the larvae can cause allergic reactions and skin irritation in humans and animals, prompting public health concerns in affected areas.

The life cycle of Pityocampa species typically involves an egg stage, a larval stage comprising several instars, a pupal stage, and an adult moth stage. Adult moths are generally nocturnal and do not feed. They are short-lived, with their primary function being reproduction. The timing of these stages can vary depending on the specific species and geographic location, often influenced by temperature and climate. Conservation efforts and pest management strategies are sometimes employed in areas experiencing significant infestations of these moths.