Pfau

Pfau is the German name for the peafowl, a group of large, often iridescent birds in the genus Pavo. In German usage, der Pfau usually refers to the male; die Pfauenhenne is the female. The peafowl comprises two extant species: the Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) and the green peafowl (Pavo muticus). They are members of the family Phasianidae, order Galliformes.

Description and appearance

Male peafowl have striking, iridescent plumage and a long tail train with eye-like markings, used in elaborate courtship displays. Females are smaller and have duller, more cryptic coloration. Size varies by species, with males generally larger than females.

Distribution and habitat

Pavo cristatus is native to the Indian subcontinent, while Pavo muticus ranges through Southeast Asia. They inhabit woodlands, forest edges, and cultivated areas, often near water. They roost in trees at night and are adaptable to a range of habitats, including managed landscapes and farms.

Behavior and diet

Peafowl are omnivorous, feeding on seeds, grains, fruits, insects, and small animals. Courtship involves the male fanning the train, calling, and presenting to the female. Breeding is typically seasonal; the female incubates eggs and raises the chicks with limited male parental involvement. Clutches generally number a few eggs.

Conservation and cultural significance

The Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) is listed as Least Concern by IUCN, while the green peafowl (Pavo muticus) is Endangered, facing habitat loss and hunting pressures. In many cultures, the peafowl symbolizes beauty and royalty; the Indian peafowl is also the national bird of India. Peafowl are kept in captivity and kept as ornamental birds worldwide.