Phasianidae

Phasianidae is a family of birds in the order Galliformes, commonly referred to as pheasants and their allies. The family includes a wide range of terrestrial, ground-dwelling species such as pheasants, partridges, junglefowls, and peafowls. It comprises roughly 180 species distributed across Eurasia, Africa, and parts of the Pacific, with several species introduced elsewhere.

Members are typically medium to large birds with stout bodies and strong legs adapted for scratching in leaf litter. Males are often more ornate and colorful than females, which aids in courtship and camouflage for nesting. The plumage variation and size differences are among the most notable features in the family, contributing to diverse mating displays and ecological roles.

Ecology and behavior: They are omnivorous, feeding on seeds, grains, fruits, buds, and invertebrates. Most species are ground-nesting and lay several eggs in a concealed scrape. Many pheasants and partridges perform elaborate courtship displays, including vocalizations, flashing plumage, and chasing behaviors during the breeding season.

Taxonomy and human relations: Notable genera include Phasianus (pheasants), Perdix (partridges), Gallus (junglefowls and the domestic chicken lineage), Coturnix (true quail), and Pavo (peafowls). The domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) descends from the red junglefowl (Gallus gallus), making this family central to domestication history.

Conservation: Habitat loss, hunting, and human disturbance threaten many species, particularly those with small ranges or highly specialized habitats. Several species are listed as threatened or near threatened, while others remain common or are widely kept in captivity for farming or ornamental purposes.