Paraplyer

Paraplyer are portable shading devices used to protect people from rain and, in some cases, from the sun. They consist of a fabric canopy supported by a collapsible frame, mounted on a shaft with a handle. Most paraplyer open and close by a manual mechanism, while many modern versions feature an automatic button for opening or closing. The term paraplyer is the plural form in several Scandinavian languages; in English they are simply umbrellas.

Historically, umbrellas originated in ancient civilizations and were used for rain protection in various regions. Parasol concepts for sun shading appeared later, and the modern umbrella as a rain-or-sun device became widespread in Europe and Asia during the 18th through 20th centuries. The word parapluie in French, from which many Scandinavian terms derive, reflects the idea of shielding from rain.

Materials and construction vary by purpose and price. Canopies are commonly made from synthetic fabrics such as polyester or nylon, sometimes treated with coatings like polyurethane for water resistance. Frames use steel, aluminum, or fiberglass for a balance of strength and lightness, with ribs that may be reinforced or made from carbon fiber in higher-end models. The shaft is typically metal or fiberglass, and handles range from straight to curved designs, with various grip styles.

Design variations include travel or compact paraplyer with folded lengths around 20–25 cm, standard models with diameters around 90–110 cm, vented canopies to reduce inversion in wind, and windproof constructions with flexible ribs. Paraplyer for sun protection, often called parasols, use UV-blocking fabrics and lighter frames. Care involves drying after use and avoiding exposure to strong winds that can damage the canopy or frame.