Panels

Panels are flat components used to form surfaces, enclosures, or interfaces in many fields. They can be decorative, protective, or functional, and are often designed to fit with other panels as part of a larger system.

Construction and architecture: Wall, ceiling, and facade panels are made from wood, metal, or composites such as fiber cement or laminated boards. They provide structure, insulation, and acoustic control, and are installed by interlocking joints, fasteners, or adhesives. Panels are widely used for interior finishes, modular construction, and exterior cladding.

Electrical and control panels: An electrical distribution panel groups switches, breakers, and protective devices to manage power delivery. Industrial control panels enclose controllers, relays, motor starters, and human-machine interfaces. Panels are designed to meet safety and performance standards and are customized for specific electrical or process requirements.

Solar panels: Photovoltaic modules convert sunlight into electricity. Each panel contains an array of solar cells on a rigid substrate, with a protective cover, encapsulation, and framing. They are connected to inverters and, in some systems, energy storage, for grid-tied or off-grid operation.

Display and electronics panels: In devices such as televisions and computer monitors, a display panel refers to the LCD, LED, or OLED layer that produces images, together with backlighting and driver electronics. These panels vary by size, resolution, contrast, and color performance.

Furnishings and vehicle panels: Engineered panels, such as plywood or medium-density fiberboard, form furniture and cabinetry; automotive body panels are stamped or cast skins that define the exterior shape and contribute to aerodynamics and safety.