PLCpõhised

PLCpõhised refers to systems, architectures, and applications that use Programmable Logic Controllers as the core means of automation. In industrial environments they control machines and processes by executing real-time, deterministic logic, sequencing, and I/O processing. PLC-based solutions are favored for discrete and semi-continuous operations where reliability and speed are essential.

A typical PLC-based architecture includes a central PLC unit, I/O modules (digital and analog), field devices such as sensors and actuators, and operator interfaces like HMIs or SCADA systems. Networks connect the PLC to other controllers, drives, and higher-level systems. There are compact PLCs suitable for small applications and modular PLCs that allow expansion with additional racks, processors, and safety modules. Safety-focused PLCs provide redundant paths and meet standards for functional safety in automation.

Programming and standards commonly used in PLC-based systems include IEC 61131-3 languages such as ladder logic, function block diagram, and structured text. Programming is performed with specialized engineering tools, and projects typically include thorough testing, documentation, and version control. Safety and reliability considerations often lead to the use of safety PLCs, redundant power supplies, and environment-rated equipment.

Applications span manufacturing lines, packaging, material handling, water and wastewater treatment, and building automation. Advantages of PLC-based systems include robustness, deterministic response, ease of maintenance, and scalable integration with sensors and actuators. Limitations can include higher initial setup for complex processes and cybersecurity concerns when connected to IT networks. Design focuses on appropriate I/O, processing speed, environmental conditions, and maintainability.