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PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) is a high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard designed to replace the older PCI, PCI-X, and AGP bus standards. It was developed by the PCI-SIG (PCI Special Interest Group) and is widely used in modern computers and other electronic devices. PCIe is designed to provide high bandwidth and low latency, making it suitable for a wide range of applications, including graphics cards, storage devices, and network interface cards.

The PCIe bus operates on a point-to-point architecture, which allows for multiple lanes of communication between devices. Each lane consists of a pair of differential signal lines, with each lane capable of transferring data at speeds of up to 16 GT/s (gigatransfers per second). The number of lanes used can vary depending on the device and its requirements, with some devices using a single lane and others using multiple lanes to achieve higher bandwidth.

PCIe is used in a variety of devices, including desktop and laptop computers, servers, and embedded systems. It is also used in a wide range of applications, including graphics processing, storage, networking, and communications. PCIe is supported by a wide range of operating systems, including Windows, Linux, and macOS, making it a versatile and widely adopted standard.

PCIe has several key features that make it an attractive choice for high-performance computing. These include its high bandwidth, low latency, and support for hot-plugging, which allows devices to be added or removed while the system is running. PCIe also supports power management features, such as active state power management (ASPM), which can help reduce power consumption and improve energy efficiency.

Overall, PCIe is a critical technology for modern computing, providing high-speed, low-latency connectivity for a wide range of devices and applications. Its widespread adoption and support make it a reliable and versatile choice for high-performance computing.