Overspændingsniveau

Overspændingsniveau refers to the maximum voltage a piece of electrical equipment or a circuit can withstand without sustaining damage. It is a critical parameter for ensuring the reliability and safety of electrical systems. This level is typically determined by the insulation properties of the components and is often specified by manufacturers. Exposure to voltages exceeding the overspændingsniveau can lead to insulation breakdown, short circuits, and permanent damage to the equipment.

Several factors can contribute to overvoltages. These include lightning strikes, switching surges in power grids, electrostatic discharge (ESD), and faults within the electrical system itself. Lightning-induced overvoltages are particularly severe and can reach very high levels. Switching surges are generally less intense but occur more frequently during the operation of circuit breakers or other switching devices. Electrostatic discharge, commonly experienced when touching electronic devices, can also generate transient overvoltages.

To protect equipment from overvoltages, various protective devices are employed. Surge protectors, also known as surge suppressors or transient voltage surge suppressors (TVSS), are designed to divert excess voltage away from sensitive electronics. These devices typically incorporate components like Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs) or gas discharge tubes that conduct electricity when a voltage threshold is exceeded, clamping the voltage to a safe level. Proper grounding is also essential for effective overvoltage protection. The overspændingsniveau is a key specification that influences the selection of appropriate protective measures for different applications.