Oriolus

Oriolus is a genus of passerine birds in the family Oriolidae, commonly known as Old World orioles. The genus includes about eight to twelve species found across Africa, Europe, and Asia, with several species undertaking long-distance migrations between temperate breeding grounds and tropical wintering areas. The Eurasian golden oriole (Oriolus oriolus) is a well-known member in Europe and western Asia, while the Indian golden oriole (Oriolus kundoo) and the Black-naped oriole (Oriolus chinensis) occur further east.

Description and habitat: Oriolus species are medium-sized, typically 18–26 cm in length. Males usually have bright yellow or orange plumage with contrasting dark wings and tail; females are duller, often olive or brown. They inhabit woodlands, forest edges, and orchards, preferring semi-open, well-wooded habitats. Their diet is omnivorous, feeding on insects, fruits, and berries, foraging in the canopy and mid-story.

Breeding and behavior: Nests are hanging pouch-shaped structures woven from grasses, fibers, and bark, usually placed in trees or shrubs. The female typically constructs the nest, and both parents feed the young. They are generally territorial during the breeding season and sing melodious, flute-like songs.

Taxonomy and conservation: Oriolus is the type genus of the family Oriolidae, distinct from the New World orioles (Icteridae). IUCN statuses vary by species; many are of least concern, though some have restricted ranges and face habitat pressures.