Olecranonbursitis

Olecranon bursitis is an inflammation of the bursa located over the olecranon process of the elbow. The olecranon bursa is a small fluid-filled sac that cushions and reduces friction between the skin and the underlying bone, facilitating smooth movement of the elbow joint. When inflamed, the bursa can become swollen, tender, and warm, often causing discomfort and limited mobility.

The condition can be caused by various factors, including repetitive trauma or pressure to the elbow, acute injuries such as falls or blows, infections—particularly bacterial infections from skin punctures or cuts—and underlying medical conditions like gout, rheumatoid arthritis, or other inflammatory diseases. The presentation typically involves visible swelling over the back of the elbow, which may develop gradually or acutely after trauma.

Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on medical history and physical examination. Fluid aspiration may be performed to analyze for infection or other causes, especially if the swelling is sudden, painful, or accompanied by systemic symptoms. Imaging studies like X-rays can help rule out underlying bony abnormalities or fractures.

Treatment options depend on the cause and severity. Conservative management includes rest, ice application, compression, and elevation (RICE), along with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation. Aspiration of the bursal fluid may be performed for symptomatic relief or diagnostic purposes. If an infection is confirmed, antibiotics are administered. In cases of recurrent or persistent bursitis, corticosteroid injections or surgical removal of the bursa (bursectomy) may be considered.

Complications are uncommon but can include infection, especially if bursitis is caused by bacteria, or chronic bursitis if not properly managed. Overall, with appropriate treatment, olecranon bursitis often resolves without long-term issues.