Obstetras

Obstetras are physicians who specialize in obstetrics, the field dealing with pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. The term obstetra is used in several languages, and the plural obstetras denotes practitioners providing obstetric care. In many regions they are part of obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN). Their work includes prenatal care, labor and delivery, and postnatal follow-up, with responsibilities for managing pregnancy-related conditions and ensuring safety for mother and child. They may work in hospitals, clinics, and birthing centers, coordinating with midwives, nurses, pediatricians, and anesthesiologists.

Training and certification: Becoming an obstetra typically requires a medical degree followed by residency in obstetrics and gynecology. In countries with boards, practitioners may seek certification in OB/GYN and subspecialties such as maternal-fetal medicine, reproductive endocrinology, or gynecologic oncology.

Scope and subspecialties: Obstetricians oversee routine prenatal care, fetal assessment, ultrasound, and management of pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, diabetes, and preterm labor. They perform vaginal deliveries and cesarean sections, manage labor pain, and provide postpartum care. Subspecialists like maternal-fetal medicine focus on high-risk pregnancies; others include infertility, gynecologic surgery, and urogynecology.

History and context: The development of obstetrics as a medical specialty advanced with antisepsis, anesthesia, and surgical techniques. The role of obstetras varies by country, reflecting different healthcare systems and regulatory standards.