Oahu

Oahu is the third-largest island in the U.S. state of Hawaii, located in the central Pacific Ocean. It is the most populous of the Hawaiian Islands and contains the state capital, Honolulu, as well as the main economic and transportation hub.

Geography: The island is of volcanic origin, formed by the Ko‘olau and Waianae mountain ranges. It features a mix of rugged cliffs, green valleys, and sandy beaches, with diverse microclimates and a coastline spanning hundreds of miles. It measures about 40-44 miles long and up to 30 miles wide, covering roughly 597 square miles.

History and culture: Oahu was settled by Polynesians many centuries ago. European contact began with Captain James Cook in 1778. In the 19th and early 20th centuries it became a hub for the Hawaiian Kingdom, later the United States Territory, and today a state island. The population is ethnically diverse, with large communities of Native Hawaiian, Asian, and Pacific Islander descent.

Economy and infrastructure: Tourism and the military are major economic sectors. The island hosts Pearl Harbor and several U.S. military bases and Hawaii’s state and federal government functions. Daniel K. Inouye International Airport serves as the primary gateway to the state. Honolulu, the state capital, is the island’s largest city.

Attractions: Waikiki Beach and Diamond Head are iconic; the Pearl Harbor National Memorial and USS Arizona Memorial commemorate World War II events. The North Shore offers world-class surfing, while Hanauma Bay and other sites provide snorkeling and natural beauty.

Administration and environment: Oahu is administered as the City and County of Honolulu, encompassing most of the island. It features tropical coastal climates, with wetter windward sides and drier leeward areas, and protected areas such as Ka’ena Point State Park.