windward

Windward is a nautical and geographic term that denotes the direction from which the wind is blowing. The word derives from wind plus ward, indicating the direction toward the wind; it is often contrasted with leeward, the direction sheltered from the wind.

In sailing and navigation, windward refers to the side or direction facing the prevailing wind. A vessel moving toward the wind is said to sail windward and may require tacking to make progress. The opposite direction is leeward, toward which the wind flows past the vessel.

In geography and meteorology, windward and leeward describe the two sides of elevated terrain relative to prevailing winds. The windward side typically receives more moisture and rainfall due to air lifting over terrain, while the leeward side can be drier, a phenomenon known as the rain shadow effect.

Architects, planners, and environmental scientists use windward orientation in design to optimize natural ventilation, visibility, or shelter from winds. Buildings may be positioned or facades shaped to take advantage of wind patterns, reducing energy use and influencing thermal comfort and moisture control.