leeward

Leeward refers to the direction or side of something that is sheltered from the wind or downwind from the wind’s direction. It is defined relative to the prevailing wind: the leeward side points away from the wind, while the windward side faces the wind. In sailing and aviation, leeward indicates the direction downwind; the lee side of a vessel or aircraft is the side sheltered from the wind. The opposite term is windward.

In geography and meteorology, the leeward side of a mountain, island, or landmass is the side sheltered from the wind and often lies in the region’s rain shadow. The windward side typically experiences more precipitation because the air rises, cools, and releases moisture as it encounters the terrain. The concept applies broadly to any surface or site affected by wind direction, including architectural or urban planning considerations designed to reduce wind effects.

The term also appears in place names. The Leeward Islands in the Caribbean, for example, are named for their location downwind relative to the prevailing northeast trade winds that affect the region.

Etymology and usage notes: leeward derives from a historical term meaning shelter or lee, tied to the side away from the wind. In everyday language, the word is used to describe anything oriented away from the wind, not just geographic features.