cools

Cools is the third-person singular present tense of the verb to cool. It describes the action or result of lowering temperature or reducing heat in a substance or object. The term is used in everyday language and in scientific contexts.

In physics, cooling involves heat transfer through conduction, convection, and radiation. Newton's law of cooling provides a simple model: the rate of temperature decrease is proportional to the difference between the object's temperature and its surroundings. The proportionality constant depends on the object's properties and its environment.

Common applications include food safety, where cooling hot foods to safe temperatures prevents bacterial growth; refrigeration and air conditioning, which remove heat from spaces and substances; and manufacturing, where controlled cooling affects the microstructure and mechanical properties of metals and polymers.

Etymology and usage: the word comes from Old English col meaning cold; the verb to cool dates from Middle English. The form cooled or cooling is used across many languages with Germanic roots.

In everyday language, people may say that a substance is cooling, or that it cools to a given temperature, to indicate ongoing change toward ambient conditions.