Memorial

A memorial is a structure, object, or practice that preserves the memory of a person, group, or event. It can take the form of monuments and statues, plaques, cemeteries, or parks, or it can be a ceremony, day of remembrance, or other ritual intended to honor or recall the past. Memorials help communities reflect on history and the impact of those remembered.

Etymology: The word memorial comes from Late Latin memoria, memory, and from French memoire; in English it broadened to include objects and acts that preserve memory.

Types: Physical memorials include monuments, memorial plaques, cemeteries, cenotaphs, or sculptural works; they may be dedicated to individuals, groups, or events. Memorials can also be ceremonies, such as annual remembrances, or holidays. In the digital age, virtual memorials and online tributes provide memory spaces.

Design and reception: Memorials are planned to convey meaning through form, materials, location, and symbolism. They raise questions about representation, inclusivity, and contested memory, and may be altered as communities reassess history.

Examples: Notable national memorials include war memorials in capital cities and dedicated museum spaces that function as commemorations. The purpose of memorials is to educate, honor, and provide space for mourning and reflection, offering a focal point for collective memory.