Nystalus

Nystalus is a genus of birds in the puffbird group, found in the tropical Americas. The genus includes several species, with the spotted puffbird (Nystalus maculatus) being among the better known. Members of Nystalus are medium-sized, stout birds with rounded heads and relatively large bills. Plumage varies by species but often features brown, gray, or rufous tones with spots or streaks that provide camouflage in dappled forest light.

Distribution covers a broad range from southern Mexico through Central America and into much of South America, with many species centered in the Amazon basin and Andean foothills. Habitats include forest edges, secondary growth, and open woodlands where perches are available.

Behavior and diet: Nystalus puffbirds are typically skulking and patient, relying on sit-and-wait tactics. They are primarily insectivorous, catching termites, beetles, and other arthropods, and may occasionally take small vertebrates. They usually perch quietly and fly out to seize prey before returning to a perch.

Breeding and nesting: They nest in cavities in trees, using natural holes or abandoned cavities created by other birds. Both parents participate in parental duties, including incubation and feeding of the young.

Taxonomy and conservation: The genus is placed within the puffbird lineage of the order Piciformes. Conservation status varies by species but is generally of least concern; habitat loss and fragmentation can impact local populations.

See also: Puffbird; Spotted puffbird (Nystalus maculatus).