Neurodiverse

Neurodiverse is an adjective used to describe individuals whose neurological development and functioning differ from what is typical. The related concept, neurodiversity, views such variation as a natural and valuable aspect of human diversity rather than as inherently defective. In this framing, many differences—such as those associated with autism, ADHD, dyslexia, dyspraxia, and Tourette syndrome—are seen as part of everyday human variation rather than solely as medical disorders.

The term and movement emerged in the late 1990s, with contributions from researchers, disability scholars, and autistic self-advocates. Proponents argue for the social model of disability, which emphasizes how societal barriers and environments can disable people with neurological differences. The goal is to recognize strengths and challenges across a wide spectrum of cognitive styles and to reduce stigma.

Neurodiversity encompasses a broad range of conditions and experiences. It encourages approaches that accommodate different ways of processing information, communicating, and learning. In education and workplaces, this translates to inclusive practices such as flexible assessment methods, sensory-friendly settings, assistive technologies, and explicit instruction that leverages diverse strengths.

Critics raise concerns about the risk of forgoing needed medical or therapeutic support or about overgeneralizing diverse experiences under a single umbrella. Some argue that the term may obscure the extent of impairment for certain individuals. Overall, the neurodiverse perspective seeks respect, autonomy, and equitable opportunities for people with neurological differences.