Netzortung

Netzortung, a German term, translates to "network positioning" or "network localization." It refers to the process of determining the geographical location of a device connected to a network, primarily a cellular or Wi-Fi network. Unlike GPS, which relies on satellite signals, Netzortung utilizes the existing infrastructure of wireless networks to estimate a device's position.

Several techniques are employed in Netzortung. Cell tower triangulation is a common method where a device's location is estimated based on its signal strength and angle to multiple nearby cell towers. Wi-Fi positioning systems work similarly, using a database of Wi-Fi access point locations and signal strength to infer a device's position. Other methods include using the timing advance information from cellular networks or the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) from various network access points.

The accuracy of Netzortung can vary significantly depending on the density of network infrastructure and the specific technique used. In urban areas with many cell towers or Wi-Fi hotspots, accuracy can be quite high, sometimes within a few meters. However, in rural or sparsely populated areas, accuracy may be reduced to hundreds of meters or more.

Netzortung has numerous applications. It is fundamental for mobile services like emergency calls (e.g., 112 in Europe), where pinpointing a caller's location is critical. It also enables location-based services such as navigation, targeted advertising, and location tracking for app functionality. Privacy concerns are often associated with Netzortung, as it allows for the tracking of individuals' movements, necessitating regulations and user consent.