Nemesfémérmék

Nemesfémérmék, or noble metals, are a group of metallic elements that exhibit high resistance to corrosion and oxidation in moist air, making them valuable in various industrial, technological, and decorative applications. These metals are characterized by their luster, malleability, and resistance to tarnishing, which distinguishes them from common base metals like iron or copper.

The most well-known noble metals include gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), and palladium (Pd). Rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), and osmium (Os) are also classified as noble metals, though they are less commonly used due to their rarity and higher reactivity under certain conditions. Noble metals are found in nature primarily in their native form or as compounds, often associated with sulfide ores. Extraction typically involves refining processes such as smelting, cyanidation, or electrolysis.

Due to their chemical inertness, noble metals are widely used in jewelry, electronics, and catalysis. Gold and silver are popular in coinage, electronics, and medical applications, while platinum and palladium are essential in automotive catalytic converters and laboratory equipment. Their resistance to corrosion also makes them suitable for high-precision instruments and medical implants. Additionally, noble metals play a role in art and culture, symbolizing wealth, purity, and prestige throughout history.

The scarcity and stability of noble metals contribute to their high economic value. While gold and silver have been used for millennia, advancements in metallurgy and chemistry have expanded their applications in modern technology. Despite their name, some noble metals can react under extreme conditions, such as high temperatures or strong acids, but their overall resistance to common environmental factors remains a defining trait.