Nefropátia

Nefropatia, also known as kidney disease, refers to a range of conditions that affect the kidneys' ability to filter waste and excess fluid from the blood. The kidneys are vital organs responsible for maintaining fluid balance, regulating blood pressure, and removing waste products from the body. Nefropathies can be classified into several categories based on their cause and progression, including glomerular diseases, tubular diseases, and interstitial diseases.

Glomerular diseases, such as glomerulonephritis and diabetic nephropathy, affect the glomeruli, the tiny filters within the kidneys. Tubular diseases, like acute tubular necrosis and chronic kidney disease, impact the tubules that reabsorb water and nutrients from the filtrate. Interstitial diseases, such as lupus nephritis and scleroderma renal crisis, involve inflammation or scarring of the tissue between the kidney tubules and blood vessels.

Nefropathies can be acute or chronic. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden loss of kidney function that can be reversible if treated promptly. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), on the other hand, is a gradual decline in kidney function over time, often leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) if left untreated.

The causes of nefropathies are diverse and can include infections, autoimmune disorders, genetic factors, and environmental toxins. Risk factors for developing kidney disease include diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests, urine analysis, and imaging studies. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and stage of the disease, ranging from lifestyle modifications and medication to dialysis or kidney transplantation in severe cases.

Early detection and management are crucial for preventing the progression of nefropathies and maintaining overall health. Regular check-ups and adherence to medical advice can significantly improve outcomes for individuals with kidney disease.