Nebulized

Nebulized refers to a method of delivering medication by converting a liquid into a fine aerosol that can be inhaled into the lungs. The process is performed with a nebulizer, a device that creates droplets small enough to reach the lower airways. Nebulized formulations are typically solutions or suspensions used for inhalation.

Mechanism and devices: Droplet size is critical; most nebulizers produce particles in the 1–5 micrometer range to maximize deposition in bronchioles. There are jet nebulizers, ultrasonic nebulizers, and mesh nebulizers, differing in how they generate the aerosol and in power requirements. Treatment duration commonly ranges from 5 to 20 minutes per session.

Typical indications: used to deliver bronchodilators (for example, albuterol or ipratropium), corticosteroids (such as budesonide or fluticasone), antibiotics (like tobramycin, aztreonam) especially in cystic fibrosis or pneumonia, and mucolytics (acetylcysteine). Nebulization is advantageous when patients cannot coordinate inhalation techniques needed for inhalers or when higher lung doses are needed.

Administration and considerations: the patient breathes normally via a mouthpiece or face mask; some regimens require supplemental oxygen. Medication compatibility and stability in liquid form are important, and not all drugs are suitable for nebulization. Proper cleaning and maintenance are essential to prevent infection.

Safety and limitations: possible side effects include tremor, tachycardia, throat irritation, coughing. Nebulized solutions can cause local infections if equipment is contaminated; efficiency can be influenced by breathing pattern and airway conditions. Compared with inhalers, nebulizers generally require more time and equipment.