albuterol

Albuterol, also known as salbutamol, is a medication primarily used to treat bronchospasm associated with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory conditions. It belongs to a class of drugs called beta-2 adrenergic agonists, which work by relaxating the smooth muscles lining the airways, thereby facilitating airflow and relieving breathing difficulties.

Albuterol is typically administered via inhalers, nebulizers, or tablets. Inhaled forms are preferred for their rapid onset of action and reduced systemic side effects. The medication begins to work within minutes when inhaled and acts to dilate the bronchi, making breathing easier. It is often used as a rescue inhaler for immediate relief of acute bronchospasm, but can also be prescribed regularly for maintenance therapy in some cases.

The drug's common side effects include jitteriness, increased heart rate, nervousness, and tremors. Less frequently, it can cause head or muscle cramps, and in rare cases, cardiac arrhythmias. Overuse of albuterol may lead to decreased effectiveness and increased risk of adverse effects.

Albuterol was first approved for medical use in the 1960s and remains one of the most widely used bronchodilators globally. It is available by prescription in many countries and is considered essential for managing asthma and COPD exacerbations. Due to its stimulant effects, individuals with certain conditions like heart disease or hypertension should use it cautiously and under medical supervision.

Research continues into the development of longer-lasting formulations and combination therapies to improve symptom management and reduce side effects. As a short-acting beta-2 agonist, albuterol remains a critical component of respiratory treatment protocols.