nervousness

Nervousness refers to a temporary state of worry, apprehension, or unease in anticipation of a potential event or situation. It is a common emotional response that can be adaptive, preparing a person to respond to a challenge, or maladaptive if it becomes excessive or persistent.

Symptoms often include psychological features such as concern, restlessness, and difficulty concentrating, and physical signs such as increased heart rate, sweating, trembling, dry mouth, and muscle tension. These arise from activation of the body's autonomic nervous system, releasing adrenaline and cortisol.

Causes vary and can include upcoming tests or performances, social judgments, unfamiliar environments, caffeine or stimulants, sleep deprivation, or medical conditions. Individual factors such as temperament, past experiences, and coping styles influence the intensity and duration. The condition exists on a spectrum with anxiety disorders representing more persistent, pervasive symptoms.

Management: For mild nervousness, strategies like deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, mindfulness, adequate sleep, and planning can help. Cognitive-behavioral approaches, exposure to feared situations, and skills training can reduce future episodes. When nervousness is persistent, severe, or interferes with daily life, professional assessment is advised; treatments may include psychotherapy (such as CBT), lifestyle changes, and, in some cases, medication under medical guidance.